Protection & Indemnity (P&I) is marine liability insurance to cover liability for damage to the property of others, personal injury or death, pollution liability, collision liability, damage to piers, wharves or other fixed or floating objects and other similar liabilities. P&I can cover for liability to paid crew and this inclusion should be selected whenever crew are employed on a vessel. Some 80 – 90% of the world’s blue water tonnage is insured for operating liabilities by one of the thirteen principal underwriting member “Clubs” of the International Group of P&I Clubs. However the alternative of so called “fixed premium” P&I insurance has become more and more popular with some fixed premium insurers now able to write limits of liability of $500 million or even $1 billion. For smaller commercial vessels and yachts, however, fixed premium is the norm and is often written as a package together with Hull & Machinery coverage by the same insurer.